3rd+Qtr+Notes+&+Materials

__** 3rd Qtr Notes & Materials **__

Chapter 22 Ch 22 Ch 23 Ch 24 Ch 25 Ch 26 Ch 27 Ch 28 Ch 29 Ch 30 Ch 31 Ch 32


 * Ch 22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865–1877 **
 * After the Civil War, the nation faced the problems of rebuilding the South, assisting freed slaves, reintegrating Southern states into the Union, and deciding who would direct the Reconstruction.
 * An economically devastated South was socially revolutionized by emancipation. Slave-owners reluctantly confronted the end of slave labor, while blacks began to shape their own destiny with the help of black churches and freedmen’s schools.
 * New President Andrew Johnson was politically inept and personally contentious. His moderate Reconstruction plan attempted to follow Lincoln’s, but fell victim to Southern whites’ severe treatment of blacks and his own political blunders.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">After dramatic gains in the 1866 congressional elections, Republicans imposed harsh military Reconstruction on the South. Southern states reentered the Union with radical governments supported by newly enfranchised blacks and some sectors of southern society. Some regimes were corrupt, but they also implemented important reforms. Divisions between moderate and radical Republicans limited and confused Reconstruction’s aims, despite the important Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Embittered whites hated these radical governments and mobilized reactionary terrorist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan to restore white supremacy. Congress impeached Johnson but narrowly failed to convict him. The poorly conceived Reconstruction policy was a disastrous failure.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1. Define the major problems facing the nation and the South after the Civil War. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2. Describe the responses of both whites and African Americans to the end of slavery. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3. Analyze the differences between the presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">4. Explain how the blunders of President Johnson and the resistance of the white South opened the door to the Republicans’ radical Reconstruction. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">5. Describe the intentions and the actual effects of radical Reconstruction in the South. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">6. Indicate how militant southern white opposition and growing northern weariness with military Reconstruction gradually undermined Republican attempt to empower Southern blacks. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">7. Explain why the radical Republicans impeached Johnson but failed to convict him. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">8. Explain the legacy of Reconstruction, and assess its successes and failures.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ch 22 Resources **__

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Student Lecture Notes <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> //PowerPoint File// //PDF File//

[|Ch 22 Lecture Point]

[|Ch 22 Audio Summary]


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ch 23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869–1896 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">After the ideals and sacrifices of the Civil War, the post–Civil War era spawned disillusionment. Federal, state and local politicians were often surrounded by corruption and scandal, while problems afflicting industrializing America festered beneath the surface.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Popular war hero Grant was a poor politician with a corruption administration. Despite some futile reform efforts, party patronage fattened Gilded Age politics. The parties competed for spoils, but essentially agreed on most national policies. Cultural differences, different constituencies, and local issues fueled party competition and unprecedented voter participation. Periodic complaints by Mugwump [muhg-wuhmp] reformers and soft-money advocates had little effect on politics.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The contested 1876 election led to the sectional Compromise of 1877, which ended Reconstruction. The South began an oppressive system of tenant farming and racial supremacy and segregation, enforced by sometimes lethal violence. Racial prejudice against Chinese immigrants was also linked to labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Garfield’s assassination by a spurned office seeker spurred early civil-service reform, making politics more dependent on big business. The first Democratic president since the Civil War, Cleveland, made lower tariffs the first real post-war issue in national politics, but the Panic of 1893 eclipsed his mild reform efforts. That crisis made suffering farmers and workers protest a government and economic system which seemed biased toward big business and the wealthy.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1. Describe the political corruption of the Grant administration and the mostly unsuccessful efforts to reform politics in the Gilded Age. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2. Describe the economic crisis of the 1870s, and explain the growing conflict between hard-money and soft-money advocates. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3. Explain the intense political partisanship of the Gilded Age, despite the parties’ lack of ideological difference and poor quality of political leadership. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">4. Indicate how the disputed Hayes-Tilden election of 1876 led to the Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">5. Describe how the end of Reconstruction led to the loss of black rights and the imposition of the Jim Crow system of segregation in the South. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">6. Explain the rise of class conflict between business and labor in the 1870s and the growing hostility to immigrants, especially the Chinese. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">7. Explain the economic crisis and depression of the 1890s, and indicate how the Cleveland administration failed to address it. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">8. Show how the farm crisis of the depression of the 1890s stirred growing social protests and class conflict, and fueled the rise of the radical Populist Party.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ch 23 Resources **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Ch 23 Audio Summary]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Ch 23 Lecture Point]


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ch 24 Industry Comes of Age, 1865–1900 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Government subsidies and loans aided construction of the first transcontinental rail line in 1869. This and other parts of a national rail network opened new markets and prompted industrial growth. Railroad power and corruption led to public demands for regulation, with minimal success.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">New technology and business organization spawned huge corporate trusts, pioneered by Andrew Carnegie [kahr-ney-gee] in steel and John D. Rockefeller/ [rok-uh-fel-er] in oil. The oil industry initially supplied kerosene /[ker-uh-seen] for lamps, before expanding into gasoline production to fuel automobiles. Cheap steel transformed industries from construction to rail building, while railroads dominated the economy and reshaped American society.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The benefits of industrialization were unevenly distributed. The South remained underdeveloped and dependent, growing class divisions placed industrial workers at the bottom of American society. Independent producers and farmers became dependent wage earners, vulnerable to illness, industrial accidents, and unemployment.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Attempts to organize labor were generally ineffective. The Knights of Labor disappeared after the Haymarket bombing, but Gompers’ /[gom-perz] AF of L successfully organized skilled craft laborers while ignoring most industrial workers, women, and blacks.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1. Explain how the transcontinental railroad network provided the basis for an integrated national market and the great post–Civil War industrial transformation. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2. Identify the abuses in the railroad industry and discuss how these led to the first efforts at industrial regulation by the federal government. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3. Describe how the economy came to be dominated by giant trusts, such as those headed by Carnegie and Rockefeller in the steel and oil industries, and the growing class conflict it precipitated. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">4. Describe how new technological inventions fueled new industries and why American manufacturers increasingly turned toward the mass production of standardized goods. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">5. Indicate how industrialists and their intellectual and religious supporters attempted to explain and justify great wealth, and increasing class division through natural law and the Gospel of Wealth. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">6. Explain why the South was generally excluded from American industrial development and remained in a Third World economic subservience to the North. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">7. Analyze the social changes brought by industrialization, particularly the altered position of working men and women. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">8. Explain the failures of the Knights of Labor and the modest success of the American Federation of Labor.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Ch 24 Audio Summary]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Ch 24 Flashcards]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Ch 24 Chronology Activity]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**Ch 24 Quizlet** (This is a great resource for your quiz!!!)

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ch 25 America Moves to the City, 1865–1900 **__
 * Americans moved from the country to the city in the post–Civil War decades. Urban development caused both excitement and severe social problems, including overcrowding and slums.
 * After the 1880s New Immigrants flooded cities, mostly from southern and eastern Europe. Their strange customs and non-Protestant religions engendered nativist hostility and discrimination.
 * Religion adjusted to social and cultural changes. Roman Catholicism and Judaism gained strength, while Protestant churches divided over conflicts about evolution and biblical interpretation.
 * American secondary and graduate education expanded rapidly, while blacks and immigrants had limited success in using education as a path to upward mobility.
 * Conflicts arose over moral values, especially relating to sexuality and women’s role in society. The new urban environment expanded opportunities for women but created difficulties for families, which grew more isolated as the divorce rate rose and average family size shrank.
 * American literature and art reflected a new realism, while popular amusement became a big business.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Describe the rise of the American industrial city, and place it in the context of worldwide trends of urbanization and mass migration (the European diaspora). <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 2. Describe the New Immigration, and explain how it differed from the Old Immigration and why it aroused opposition from many native-born Americans. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 3. Discuss the efforts of social reformers and churches to aid the New Immigrants and alleviate urban problems, and the immigrants’ own efforts to sustain their traditions while assimilating to mainstream America. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 4. Analyze the changes in American religious life in the late nineteenth century, including the expansion of Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Judaism, and the growing Protestant division between liberals and fundamentalists over Darwinism and biblical criticism. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 5. Explain the changes in American education and intellectual life, including the debate between DuBois and Washington over the goals of African American education. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 6. Describe the literary and cultural life of the period, including the widespread trend towards realism in art and literature, and the city beautiful movement led by urban planners. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 7. Explain the growing national debates about morality in the late nineteenth century, particularly in relation to the changing roles of women and the family.

[|Ch 25 Lecture Point]

[|Ch 25 Flashcards]

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ch 26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865–1896 **__
 * Immediately after the Civil War, Indians who hunted buffalo on horseback still occupied the Great Plains and Mountain West. They fought white encroachment on their land and way of life, but whites’ railroads, mining, and livestock broke up Indian territory, while diseases cut their strength and numbers. Environmental destruction and intertribal warfare undermined Indian resistance and soon threatened Native Americans’ existence. The federal government used poorly conceived treaties and sporadic warfare to force the Indians onto largely barren reservations.
 * The Dawes **[****dawz****]** Act attempted to coerce Indians into adopting white ways by ending tribal land ownership, while insensitive humanitarians set up Indian boarding schools, which eroded traditional culture.
 * Mining and cattle industries dominated western history until farmers, lured by free homesteads, railroads, and irrigation, settled the frontier. The 1890 census declared the frontier closed, ending a formative phase of American history. Less of a safety valve than many believed, the frontier West was actually the most urbanized region of the United States by the 1890s.
 * In the 1870s, farmers began to settle the treeless prairies beyond the 100th meridian **[****/****m//uh//-rid-ee-//uh//****n****]**, using dry farming techniques that gradually contributed to soil loss. Irrigation projects, later financed by the federal government, allowed specialized farming in many arid western areas, including California. The frontier’s close in 1890 ended traditional westward expansion, but the Great West remained a unique social and environmental region.
 * Mechanized agriculture accompanied the opening of new lands, making farmers more dependent on specialized production and international markets. Debt dependent farmers protested declining prices and other woes through the Grange [greynj], Farmers’ Alliances, and the People’s (Populist) party.
 * The Panic of 1893 deepened class conflict and spurred farmer and labor strikes and unrest. Pro-silverite William Jennings Bryan won the Democratic Party’s 1896 nomination, but lost both urban workers and the election to goldbug Republican William McKinley. The election transformed American politics, as the city and middle class dominated the new party system, which downplayed monetary issues and engendered Republican dominance for two generations.


 * After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:**

1. Describe the nature of the cultural conflicts and battles that accompanied the white American migration into the Great Plains and the Far West.

2. Explain the development of federal policy towards Native Americans in the late nineteenth century.

3. Analyze the brief flowering and decline of the cattle and mining frontiers, and the settling of the arid West by small farmers increasingly engaged with a worldwide economy.

4. Summarize Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis regarding the significance of the frontier in American history, describe its strengths and weaknesses, and indicate the ways in which the American West became and remains a distinctive region of the United States.

5. Describe the economic forces that drove farmers into debt, and describe how the Populist Party organized to protest their oppression, attempted to forge an alliance with urban workers, and vigorously attacked the two major parties after the onset of the depression of the 1890s.

6. Describe the Democratic party’s revolt against President Cleveland and the rise of the insurgent William Jennings Bryan’s free silver campaign.

7. Explain why William McKinley proved able to defeat Bryan’s populist campaign and how the Republicans’ triumph signaled the rise of urban power and the end of the third party system in American politics.

__//**Resources**//__

Ch 26 Flashcards

//**Ch 26 Matching - Key Terms, People, Places, Etc**//

//**American Pageant Ch. 26 Notes**//



<span style="font-family: Garamond,Palatino,Century,Serif;"> This cartoon shows that the hot-air balloon of the People's Party is composed of patches.

//1891. Library of Congress//


 * Chapter 26 Online Quiz**

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Chapter 27 Empire and Expansion, 1890–1909 **__


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Several factors made previously isolated America turn its attention overseas in the 1890s. Changes behind the new imperialism included demand for new economic markets, the sensationalism of the yellow press, missionary fervor, Darwinist / [dahr-wuh-nist] ideology, great-power rivalry, and naval competition.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">American intervention in the Venezuelan boundary dispute of 1895–1896 reflected an aggressive new assertion of the Monroe Doctrine, which forced Britain to accept American domination in the Western Hemisphere. White American planters culminated longtime American involvement in Hawaii in 1893 by fomenting a revolution against native rule by. President Cleveland refused to annex the islands, but the annexation question triggered the United States’ first full-fledged imperialistic debate.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">American outrage over Spanish oppression of Cuba triggered the Spanish-American War in 1898, exacerbated by the yellow press. Public passion over the Maine explosion in February 1898 pushed a reluctant President McKinley into war, even though Spain was ready to concede on the major issues.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Admiral Dewey’s naval victory in the Spanish Philippines /[fil-uh-peenz] in May 1898 set the stage for American troops, assisted by Filipino rebels, to captured Manila /[muh-nil-uh]. American forces overcame mass confusion to overwhelm the Spanish in Cuba and Puerto Rico.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Proimperialists narrowly won a bitter national debate over American imperialism in the Senate, and the United States took the Philippines and Puerto Rico as colonial possessions. Despite serious doubts about imperialism, the United States asserted itself as a new international power.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">America annexation of the Philippines aroused violent Filipino/ [fil-uh-pee-noh] resistance, as they had expected independence. The ensuing, brutal was longer and costlier than the Spanish-American conflict.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Imperialist competition deepened America’s role in China. Hay’s Open Door policy kept the great powers from carving up China, while U.S. and international forces suppressed the Boxer Rebellion.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Theodore Roosevelt brought new assertiveness to American foreign policy. When the Colombian Senate frustrated his plans to build a canal in Panama, he promoted a Panamanian independence movement which brought his plans to fruition. He also added the Roosevelt Corollary [kawr-uh-ler-ee] to the Monroe Doctrine, declaring an American right to intervene in South America.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Roosevelt angered both parties while negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War, one of several incidents which demonstrated U.S.-Japanese competition in East Asia.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">5. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War, including the Filipino rebellion against U.S. rule and the war to suppress it.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">6. Explain the growing U.S. involvement in East Asia, and summarize America’s Open Door policy toward China.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">7. Discuss the significance of the pro-imperialist Republican victory in 1900 and the rise of Theodore Roosevelt as a strong advocate of American power in international affairs.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">8. Describe Roosevelt’s assertive policies in Panama and elsewhere in Latin America, and explain why his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine aroused such controversy.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">9. Discuss Roosevelt’s foreign policies and diplomatic achievements, especially regarding Japan.



__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ch 28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901–1912 **__


 * The early twentieth century progressive movement became the greatest reform crusade since abolitionism. Inaugurated by Populists, socialists, social gospelers, female reformers, and muckraking journalists, progressivism tried to use governmental to correct social and economic problems caused by industrialization.
 * Begun at the city and state level, Progressivism focused first on political reforms before turning to social and economic ones. Women galvanized progressive social concern for reforms involving child labor, poor tenement housing, and consumer causes. Viewing reform as an extension of their roles as wives and mothers, female activists changed both law and public attitudes in these areas.
 * At the national level, Roosevelt’s Square Deal used the federal government to mediate conflicts between labor and corporate trusts, as well as acting on behalf of consumer and environmental concerns. Roosevelt crusaded for conservatism, although preservationists disagreed sharply with those who favored multiple uses of nature. Federal emphasis on rational use of public resources generally worked to benefit large enterprises and to inhibit action by the smaller users.
 * Roosevelt selected Taft as his successor, expecting him to continue “my policies,” but Taft was dominated by the conservative Republican Old Guard and rapidly lost public support. The Republican Party split between pro-Taft conservatives and Roosevelt’s progressives, who led a third-party crusade in the 1912 election.


 * After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:**

1. Discuss the origin, leadership, and goals of progressivism. 2. Describe how the early progressive movement developed at the local and state level and spread to become a national movement. 3. Describe the major role that women played in progressive social reform, and explain why progressivism meshed with many goals of the women’s movement. 4. Tell how President Roosevelt began applying progressive principles to the national economy, including his attention to conservation and consumer protection. 5. Explain why Taft’s policies offended progressives, including Roosevelt. 6. Describe how Roosevelt led a progressive revolt against Taft that openly divided the Republican party.

__**Ch. 28 Resources**__


 * [|American Pageant Ch 28 Audio Summary]**


 * [| Ch 28 Flashcards]**


 * Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle// - Excerpts**


 * Ida Tarbel's History of Standard Oil - Summary**


 * New York City: A Documentary - Triangle Disaster Questions**


 * Are My Hands Clean? The Journey of the Shirt**

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ch 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad 1912–1916 **__


 * Wilson and his New Freedom defeated Roosevelt and his New Nationalism in a contest over differing forms of progressivism. Eloquent, idealistic ex-professor Wilson reformed the tariff, finances, and regulation of trusts. His social reforms benefited the working classes, but not blacks.
 * Wilson’s had less success in implementing progressive moral goals in foreign policy, as he stumbled into military involvements in the Caribbean, and revolutionary Mexico. The outbreak of World War I in Europe threatened American neutrality, especially because of German submarine warfare.
 * Wilson delayed war by extracting the precarious //Sussex// pledge from Germany, and his antiwar campaign in 1916 narrowly won him reelection over the still-quarreling Republicans.

1. Discuss the key issues of the pivotal 1912 election and the basic principles of Wilsonian progressivism. 2. Describe how Wilson successfully reformed the “triple wall of privilege.” 3. State the basic features of Wilson’s moralistic foreign policy, and explain how, despite his intentions, it drew him into intervention in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. 4. Describe America’s initial neutral response to World War I, Wilson’s increasingly tough policies on Germany’s submarine warfare, and the sharp political divisions over the prospect of American entry into the war. 5. Explain how Wilson’s progressive domestic agenda and provisionally successful maintenance of American neutrality enabled him to win a narrow victory in 1916 over still-divided Republicans.
 * After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:**

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ch 30 The War to End War, 1917–1918 **__


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The United States finally declared war because of Germany’s unlimited submarine warfare, combined with the Zimmerman note proposing an alliance with Mexico. Wilson spurred patriotism by calling for an idealistic crusade for democracy and permanent peace based on his Fourteen Points.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Though it suppressed dissent, wartime propaganda stirred voluntary commitment to the war effort, facilitating industrial organization, food production, and financing the war. Labor, including women, made substantial wartime gains, while black migration/ [mahy-grey-shuhn] to northern cities led to racial tensions and riots.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">America’s soldiers arrived in Europe after nearly a year, and fought in only two major battles at the war’s end. America’s main contribution to the Allied victory was to provide supplies, personnel, and improved morale. Wilson’s prestige created high expectations for an idealistic peace, but his political blunders and European statesmen’s intransigence forced him to compromise his lofty aims.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Fighting Lodge’s reservations, Wilson tried to gain national support for the League of Nations, but his physical collapse and refusal to compromise killed the treaty and the League. Republican isolationists turned Harding’s victory in 1920 into a death sentence for the League.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 1. Explain what caused America to enter World War I. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 2. Describe how Wilsonian idealism turned the war into an ideological crusade for democracy that inspired public fervor and suppressed dissent. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 3. Discuss America’s mobilization for war and its reliance primarily on voluntary methods rather than government force. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 4. Explain the consequences of World War I for labor, women, and African Americans. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 5. Describe America’s participation in the War, and explain why its economic and political importance exceeded its military contribution to the Allied victory and German defeat. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 6. Analyze Wilson’s attempt to forge a peace based on his idealistic Fourteen Points, the political mistakes that weakened his hand, and the compromises he was forced to make by the other Allied statesmen at Versailles. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 7. Discuss how Lodge and others resisted Wilson’s League of Nations, how Wilson’s total refusal to compromise doomed the Treaty of Versailles, and why Harding’s victory in the election of 1920 became the final death sentence for the League.

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ch 30 Resources **__

Ch 30 Student Notes

[|Ch 30 Flashcards]

[|Putting Things in Order] [|Primary Sources] [|Matching People, Places, and Events] [|Interactive Maps]

[|Developing Historical Skills] [|Applying What You Have Learned] [|Examining the Evidence Activities] [|Chronology Exercise] [|Web Links]