2nd+Qtr+Notes+&+Materials

__**2nd Quarter Notes & Materials **__

Ch 14 Ch 17 Ch 18 Ch 19 Ch 20 Ch 22
 * Ch 11 **
 * Ch 12**
 * Ch 13**
 * Ch 15**
 * Ch 16**
 * Ch 21**




 * Chapter 11**
 * The Triumphs and Travails of Jeffersonian Republic, 1800–1812 **


 * Summary**
 * The bitter election of 1800 between Adams and Jefferson culminated the early Republic’s ideological conflicts. Fierce campaign rhetoric aside, the Revolution of 1800 demonstrated that power could transfer peacefully from one party to another. The conservative Federalist Party declined because it was unable to adjust to the democratic future of American politics.
 * The political theorist Jefferson was determined to restore his vision of the original American revolutionary ideals through Republican principles of limited government, strict construction, and antimilitarist foreign policy. But Jefferson pragmatically compromised many of these goals, thus moderating the Republican-Federalist ideological conflict.
 * Political conflict turned to the judiciary, where John Marshall enshrined the principles of judicial review and a strong federal government. Jefferson reversed course, enhancing federal power in the Barbary pirate war, and by purchasing Louisiana from Napoleon. The Louisiana Purchase was Jefferson’s greatest success, increasing national unity and initiating America’s Western future, but its short term consequences included Aaron Burr’s secessionist plot.
 * Jefferson became entangled in the Napoleonic wars, as both France and Britain obstructed American trade and violated freedom of the seas. Jefferson tried to avoid war, but his embargo policy damaged America’s economy and stirred bitter opposition in New England.
 * Jeffersonian James Madison fell into Napoleon’s diplomatic trap when western War Hawks—who hoped to acquire Canada—pushed the Unites States into the War of 1812 against Britain. The nation was totally unprepared, bitterly divided, and devoid of any coherent strategy.


 * Checklist of Learning Objectives**

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain how Jefferson’s idealistic Revolution of 1800 proved to be more moderate and practical once he began exercising presidential power. 2. Describe the conflicts between Federalists and Republicans over the judiciary and how John Marshall turned the Supreme Court into a bastion of conservative, federalist power to balance the rise of Jeffersonian democracy 3. Describe Jefferson’s basic foreign-policy goals and how he attempted to achieve them. 4. Analyze the causes and effects of the Louisiana Purchase. 5. Describe how America was gradually drawn into the turbulent international crisis of the Napoleonic Wars. 6. Describe the original goal of Jefferson’s embargo, and explain why it failed. 7. Explain why President Madison became convinced that a new war with Britain was necessary to maintain America’s experiment in republican government.

//Ch 11 Notes//

//Ch 11 Study Guide//

//Ch 11 Resources//




 * //Chapter 12 //**


 * The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812–1824 **


 * Summary**
 * Americans began the War of 1812 with high hopes of conquering Canada. But flawed strategy and efforts threw the United States on the defensive against British and Canadian forces. Americans fared better in naval warfare, but by 1814 the British had burned Washington and were threatening New Orleans. The Treaty of Ghent **[****gent****]** ended the war in a stalemate, but solved none of the original issues. But Americans counted the war a success and turned increasingly toward isolationism.
 * Despite New Englanders’ secessionist talk at the Hartford Convention, the divisive war’s ironic outcome was surging American nationalism and unity. Political conflict virtually disappeared during President Monroe’s Era of Good Feelings. Fervent new nationalism suffused culture, economics and foreign policy.
 * The Era of Good Feelings waned when excessive land speculation and unstable banks caused the Panic of 1819. More serious was the first major sectional dispute over slavery, postponed but not really resolved by the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
 * Chief Justice John Marshall enhanced the Supreme Court’s power, promoting a strong national government and conservative defense of property rights. Marshall’s rulings partially checked the general movement toward states’ rights and popular democracy.
 * Nationalism also led to a more assertive American foreign policy. Andrew Jackson’s victories in Spanish Florida led to its acquisition by the U.S. American fears of European intervention in Latin America encouraged Monroe and J. Q. Adams to articulate the Monroe Doctrine.

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain why the War of 1812 was so politically divisive and poorly fought by the United States. 2. Describe the crucial military developments of the War of 1812, and explain why Americans experienced more success on water than on land. 3. Identify the terms of the Treaty of Ghent, and outline the short-term and long-term results of the War of 1812. 4. Describe and explain the burst of American nationalism that followed the War of 1812. 5. Describe the major political and economic developments of the period, including the death of the Federalist Party, the so-called Era of Good Feelings, and the economic depression that followed the Panic of 1819. 6. Describe the furious conflict over slavery that arose in 1819, and indicate how the Missouri Compromise at least temporarily resolved it. 7. Indicate how John Marshall’s Supreme Court promoted the spirit of nationalism through its rulings in favor of federal power. 8. Describe the Monroe Doctrine and explain its real and symbolic significance for American foreign policy and for relations with the new Latin American republics.
 * Checklist of Learning Objectives**

//Ch 12 Notes//

//Ch 12 Study Guide//

//Ch 12 Resources//




 * //Chapter 13 //**
 * //Here are the notes & Assignments for //** **Ch13 **


 * The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824–1840 **


 * Summary**
 * A powerful movement promoting the common person and the New Democracy transformed traditionally elitist American politics beginning in the 1820s. The disputed election of New England’s John Quincy Adams in 1824 angered Andrew Jackson followers.
 * Jackson’s landslide presidential victory in 1828 also marked the New Democracy’s triumph— including spoils-rich political machines which thrived in the new environment. Jackson’s simple, popular ideas and rough-hewn style reinforced the growing belief that any ordinary person could hold public office. The “Tariff of Abominations” and subsequent nullification crisis in South Carolina fueled growing sectionalism and anxiety about slavery that ran up against Jackson’s fierce nationalism.
 * Jackson exercised presidential powers against his opponents, particularly Calhoun and Clay. He killed the Bank of the United States after making it a symbol of financial evil, which reinforced Jacksonian hostility to financial power, but left the United States with no effective financial system.
 * Jackson’s presidency also focused on westward expansion. Pursuing civilization, Southeastern Native Americans engaged in extensive agricultural and educational development. But pressure from white settlers and state governments proved overwhelming, and Jackson supported forcible removal of all southeastern Indians to Oklahoma along the Trail of Tears.
 * American settlers in Texas successfully rebelled against Mexico and declared their independence. Jackson recognized the Texas Republic but, because of the slavery controversy, he refused its application for annexation to the United States.
 * Jackson’s political foes formed themselves into the Whig party, but lost in 1836 to his handpicked successor, Van Buren. Jackson’s ill-considered economic policies haunted “Van Ruin,” as the Panic of 1837 plunged the country into a serious depression.
 * Whigs used economic troubles and mass democratic political hoopla to elect Harrison in 1840, making their own western aristocrat into a heroic democratic symbol. The Whig victory heralded a new two-party system, in which the parties’ different philosophies and constituencies proved less important than their widespread popularity and shared roots in the new American democratic spirit.

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe and explain the growth of Mass Democracy in the 1820s. 2. Indicate how the alleged corrupt bargain of 1824 and Adams’ unpopular presidency set the stage for Jackson’s election in 1828. 3. Analyze the celebration of Jackson’s victory in 1828 as a triumph of the New Democracy over the more restrictive and elitist politics of the early Republic. 4. Describe the political innovations of the 1830s, especially the rise of mass parties, Jackson’s use of the presidency to stir up public opinion, and indicate their significance for American politics and society. 5. Describe Jackson’s policies of westward expansion, his relations with the new Republic of Texas, and his harsh removal of the southeastern Indian nations on the Trail of Tears. 6. Explain Jackson’s economic and political motives for waging the bitter Bank War, and show how Jacksonian economics crippled his successor Van Buren after the Panic of 1837. 7. Describe the different ways that each of the new mass political parties, Democrats and Whigs, promoted the democratic ideals of liberty and equality among their constituencies.
 * Checklist of Learning Objectives**

//Ch 13 PowerPoint Notes//

//Ch 13 Study Guide//

//Ch 13 Materials//

//Worcester v. GA//




 * //Chapter 14 //**
 * //Here are the notes & Assignments for //** **Ch14 **


 * Forging the National Economy, 1790–1860 **


 * Summary**
 * In the early nineteenth century Americans explored and expanded the frontier, where life was crude and hard on the pioneers, especially women.
 * Pioneers exploited the environment, exhausting the soil and exterminating wildlife. Yet the West’s wild beauty became a symbol of American national identity, leading environmentalists to eventually create a national park system to preserve pieces of the wilderness.
 * Other changes altered the character of American society and its workforce. Old cities expanded, and new cities sprang up in the wilderness. Irish and German immigrants poured into the country in the 1830s and 1840s, rousing nativist hostility because of their Roman Catholic faith.
 * Inventions and business innovations like free incorporation laws spurred economic growth. Women and children were the most exploited early factory laborers. Male workers made some gains in wages and hours but unions generally failed to materialize.
 * Economic advances in agriculture and transportation spurred growth before the Civil War. Early railroads overcame many obstacles to spread across the country. Foreign trade was a minor part of the American economy, but technological change created growing economic links to Europe. By 1860 the telegraph, railroad, and steamship had begun to replace older means of travel and communication like canals, clipper ships, stagecoach, and pony express.
 * New means of transportation and distribution laid the foundations for a continental market economy, creating sectional specialization which altered traditional family economic functions. Concern grew over the class differences spawned by industrialization, especially in cities. But increased opportunities and standard of living made America a “land of opportunity” to both immigrants and in-migrants.

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the growth and movement of America’s population in the early nineteenth century. 2. Describe the largely German and Irish wave of immigration beginning in the 1830s and the reactions it provoked among native Americans. 3. Explain why America was relatively slow to embrace the industrial revolution and the factory. 4. Describe the early development of the factory system and Eli Whitney’s system of interchangeable parts. 5. Outline early industrialism’s effects on workers, including women and children. 6. Describe the impact of new technologies, including transportation and communication systems, on American business and agriculture. 7. Describe the development of a continental market economy and its revolutionary effects on both producers and consumers. 8. Explain why the emerging industrial economy could raise the general level of prosperity, while simultaneously creating greater disparities of wealth between rich and poor.
 * Checklist of Learning Objectives**

//Ch 14 PowerPoint Notes//

//Ch 14 Study Guide//

//Ch 14 Materials//

=How Florida Got Its Shape= (3 min) tv-g media type="custom" key="23545260"

Florida was once Spanish and much larger. Its panhandle stretched from the Savannah River to the Mississippi, but, over time, the Spanish relinquished land and the entire area came under American control.

The Amish Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of The Amish, an intimate portrait of contemporary Amish faith and life. media type="custom" key="21334386" width="110" height="110"




 * Stuff You Missed in History Class: The Irish Potato Famine Pt. I **


 * Stuff You Missed in History Class: The Irish Potato Famine Pt. II **

Chapter 14 Student Notes

Chapter 14 Matching - Vocabulary




 * Chapter 15 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790–1860 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Movements of moral and religious reform accompanied early nineteenth century democratization of politics and national market economic expansion. A new wave of revivals replaced growing religious rationalism beginning about 1800. Western revivalism changed both religious life and other areas of society. It fragmented existing religious groups, and created new groups like the Mormons. Women became a major presence in the churches, which inspired reform movements that provided an outlet for energies otherwise stifled in masculinized political and economic life.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The reform impulse benefited education particularly, fostering the elementary school movement and opening tradition-bound colleges to a few women. Women pioneered movements for improved treatment of the mentally ill, peace, temperance, and other causes, leading some to agitate in the 1840s for their own rights, including suffrage. Closely linked to the antislavery crusade, the women’s rights movement gained adherents even in the face of vehement opposition.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">While many reformers worked to improve society as a whole, others created utopian experiments to model their religious and social ideals. Some utopians promoted radical sexual and economic doctrines, while others appealed to high-minded intellectuals and artists.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">American theoretical sciences and the fine arts were still weak, but a vigorous national literature blossomed after the War of 1812. The New England literary renaissance blossomed with the philosophy of transcendentalism, promoted by Emerson and others. Many great American writers like Walt Whitman reflected the national spirit of utopian optimism, but dissenters like Hawthorne and Melville explored society’s darker side.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Describe the widespread revival of religion in the early nineteenth century and its effects on American culture and social reform.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Describe the cause of the most important American reform movements of the period, identifying which were most successful and why.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Explain the origins of American feminism, describe its essential principles, and summarize its early successes and failures.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4. Describe the utopian and communitarian experiments of the period, and indicate how they reflected the essential spirit of early American culture despite their small size.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">5. Identify the most notable early American achievements in science, medicine, the visual arts, and music, and explain why advanced science and culture had difficulty taking hold on American soil.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">6. Analyze the American literary flowering of the early nineteenth century, especially the transcendentalist movement, and identify the most important writers who dissented from the optimistic spirit of the time.

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Student Resources **__


 * ====**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">FRONTLINE **====

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Episode: God in America: Three: A Nation Reborn
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="23542726"

//<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">As slavery splits the nation, abolitionists and slaveholders find justification in the Bible. Frederick Douglass condemns Christianity; President Lincoln struggles to make sense of the war's carnage and the death of his young son. Lincoln, who previously had favored reason over revelation, embarks on a spiritual journey that transforms his ideas about God and the war's ultimate meaning. //


 * ** Stuff You Missed In History Class: The Brook Farm Community **


 * [[file:ap15.visual.doc]]


 * Primary Sources**

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 * Quizlet Ch 15 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">[|Ch 15 Online Quiz] **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Chapter 16 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793–1860 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Whitney’s cotton gin made cotton production hugely profitable, and created an ever-increasing demand for slave labor. Southern dependence on cotton production tied it economically to the plantation system and racially to white supremacy. The plantation aristocracy’s cultural gentility and political domination concealed slavery’s social and economic costs for whites as well as blacks.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Most slaves were held by a few large planters, but most slave-owners had few slaves, and most southern whites had no slaves at all. Yet except for some mountaineers, most southern whites strongly supported slavery and racial supremacy because they hoped to own slaves themselves, and because of a sense of superiority to blacks.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Treatment of economically valuable slaves varied considerably. Within a cruel system, slaves yearned for freedom and struggled to maintain both humanity and family life.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The older black colonization movement gave way in the 1830s to Garrison’s radical, abolitionism. Along with Nat Turner’s rebellion, abolitionism caused a strong backlash in the South, which increasingly defended slavery as a positive good, and rejected liberal Northern political and social ideals.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Most northerners rejected radical abolitionism, respecting Constitutional protection of slavery where it existed. But many also began to view the South as a land of oppression, and any attempt to extend slavery as a threat to free society.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Describe the economic strengths and weaknesses of the Cotton Kingdom and its central role in the prosperity of Britain as well as the United States. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Outline the hierarchical social structure of the South, from the planter aristocracy to African American slaves. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Describe the nonslaveholding white majority of the South, and explain why most poorer whites supported slavery even though they owned no slaves. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4. Describe the workings of the peculiar institution of slavery, including the role of the domestic slave trade after the outlawing of international slave trading. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">5. Describe African American life under slavery, including the role of the family and religion. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">6. Describe the rise of abolitionism in both the United States and Britain, and explain why it was initially so unpopular in the North. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">7. Describe the fierce southern resistance to abolitionism, and explain why southerners increasingly portrayed slavery as a positive good.




 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Work with these documents and activities to master chapter learning objectives. **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Putting Things in Order] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Test your knowledge of the chapter by putting these events in the correct order. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Primary Sources] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Click here for a collection of primary source documents, grouped by major historical periods, to supplement your study of historical evidence. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Matching People, Places, and Events] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Test your knowledge of the chapter by matching these people, places, and events with their corresponding description. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Map Mastery] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Test your knowledge of the maps and charts in this chapter by answering these questions. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Interactive Maps] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Interactive maps with questions to test your knowledge of history and geography. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Developing Historical Skills] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Test your historical skills by answering these questions. ||


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/tb_bullet.gif caption="Bullet image"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|Applying What You Have Learned] ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">[[image:http://college.cengage.com/shared/images/site_graphics/spacer.gif caption="For Layout"]] || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Test your knowledge of the chapter by answering these review questions. ||

Slaves Dancing the Juba <span style="font-family: Garamond,Palatino,Century,Serif;"> This painting depicts an African American gathering, possibly a wedding.




 * Chapter 16-19 Student Notes**

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 * Ch 16 Quizlet**


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 17 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841–1848 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">As Tyler succeeded President Harrison, the United States became engaged in a series of disputes with Britain. The Maine boundary conflict was resolved, but British involvement in Texas revived U.S. plans to annex the Lone Star Republic.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The 1844 campaign hinged on the Texas and Oregon questions, as Democrats nominated and elected the militantly expansionist Polk. After Texas’ annexation, conflicts with Mexico over California and the Texas boundary erupted into war in 1846.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">American forces quickly conquered California and New Mexico. Invasions of Mexico by Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor were also successful, and the peace treaty gave the U.S. large new territories.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Besides adding California, New Mexico, and Utah, the U.S. trained a new generation of military leaders in the Mexican War and aroused long-term Latin American resentment. Most important, the war and the Wilmot [wil-muht] Proviso forced the slavery controversy to the center of national debate.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Explain the spirit and meaning of the Manifest Destiny that inspired American expansionism in the 1840s. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Outline the major conflicts between Britain and the United States over debts, Maine, Canada, Texas, Oregon, and growing British hostility to slavery. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Explain why the U.S. government increasingly saw the independent Texas Republic as a threat and sought to pursue annexation. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Indicate how the issues of Oregon and Texas became central in the election of 1844 and why Polk’s victory was seen as a mandate for Manifest Destiny. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. Explain how President Polk’s goals for his administration, especially the acquisition of California, led to the Texas boundary crisis and war with Mexico. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Describe how the dramatic American victory in the Mexican War led to the breathtaking territorial acquisition of the whole Southwest. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Describe the consequences of the Mexican War, and especially how the Mexican territorial acquisitions explosively opened the slavery question.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

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 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 18 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848–1854 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The acquisition of Mexican territory created new dilemmas over slavery’s expansion for the two major parties, which had long evaded the issue. The antislavery Free Soil party injected the issue into the election of 1848. Gold-rich California’s application for admission to the Union forced the controversy into the Senate, which fiercely debated slavery and the Union.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After President Taylor’s death cleared the way for a settlement, Congress passed the accomodationist Compromise of 1850, which temporarily eased sectional tension despite Northern opposition to the Fugitive Slave Law.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">As the Whig party died, proslavery expansionists dominated Pierce’s pliant Democratic administration. Controversy over Nicaragua, Cuba, and the Gadsden [gadz-duhn] Purchase showed that slavery drove expansionism.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Stephen Douglas’s desire for a northern railroad route led him to ram the Kansas-Nebraska Act through Congress in 1854. Because it repealed the Missouri Compromise and subjected the new territory to popular sovereignty on slavery, this act aroused Northern fury, engendered the Republican Party, and anticipated the Civil War.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Explain how the issue of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico disrupted American politics from 1848 to1850. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Point out the major terms of the Compromise of 1850 and indicate how this agreement attempted to defuse the sectional crisis over slavery. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Explain why the Fugitive Slave Law included in the Compromise of 1850 stirred moral outrage and fueled antislavery agitation in the North. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Indicate how the Whig party’s disintegration over slavery signaled the end of nonsectional political parties. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. Describe how the Pierce administration, as well as private American adventurers, pursued numerous overseas and expansionist ventures primarily designed to expand slavery. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Describe Americans’ first ventures into China and Japan in the 1850s and their diplomatic, economic, cultural, and religious consequences. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Describe the nature and purpose of Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act, and explain why it fiercely rekindled the slavery controversy that the Compromise of 1850 had been designed to settle.

//**Quizlet Ch 18 Vocab**// media type="custom" key="24387426"


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 19 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854–1861 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Successive confrontations punctuated the 1850s, which deepened sectional hostility and precipitated the Civil War.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin fanned northern antislavery feeling. In Kansas, proslavery and antislavery forces fought a bloody microcosm of the Civil War. Buchanan’s /[byoo-kan-uhnz] support of the proslavery Lecompton Constitution alienated moderate northern Democrats like Douglas. Congressman Brooks’s beating of Senator Sumner inflamed both sections.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The 1856 election signaled the rise of the sectional Republican Party. The Dred Scott case delighted the South, but enraged defiant Republicans. The Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 deepened the national slavery controversy, while Brown’s Harpers Ferry raid earned Northern support, but made outraged southerners fear a slave uprising.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The Democrats split along sectional lines, allowing Lincoln to win the four-way 1860 election. Seven southern states quickly seceded and organized the Confederate [kuhn-fed-er-it] States of America.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">As optimistic southerners spurned the hated North, lame-duck President Buchanan wavered, and Lincoln opposed the doomed, last-minute Crittenden Compromise.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Enumerate the sequence of major crises, beginning with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, that led up to secession, and explain the significance of each event. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Explain how and why the territory of bleeding Kansas became the scene of a dress rehearsal for the Civil War. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Trace the growing power of the Republican party in the 1850s and the increasing domination of the Democratic party by its militantly proslavery wing. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Explain how the Dred Scott decision and John Brown’s Harpers Ferry raid deepened sectional antagonism. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. Trace the rise of Lincoln as a Republican spokesman, and explain why his senatorial campaign debates with Stephen Douglas made him a major national figure despite losing the election. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Analyze the election of 1860, including the split in the Democratic party, the four-way campaign, the sharp sectional divisions, and Lincoln’s northern-based minority victory. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Describe the secession of seven southern states following Lincoln’s victory, the formation of the Confederacy, and the failure of the last compromise effort.

__<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">STUDENT RESOURCES __
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Harriet Beecher Stowe writes the most popular and influential book in American history. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="21334378"
 * ===<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Uncle Tom's Cabin ===

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="21334360"
 * **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Dred Scott Decision **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 20 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Girding for War: The North and the South, 1861–1865 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">South Carolina’s attack on Fort Sumter aroused the North for war. Lincoln’s call for troops to suppress the rebellion drove four upper South states into the Confederacy, but his combination of political persuasion and force kept the deeply divided Border States in the Union.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Confederate advantages included upper-class European support, military leadership, and a defensive position on its own soil. Northern advantages included lower-class European support, industrial and population resources, and political leadership.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Britain’s upper classes sympathized with the South and aided Confederate naval efforts, but effective diplomacy and Union military success kept both Britain and France neutral.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Lincoln effectively mobilized the North for war, despite political opposition and resistance to his infringement on civil liberties. The North eventually mobilized its larger troop resources with an unpopular and unfair draft system.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Economic and financial strengths advantaged the North over the less-industrialized South. Societal changes opened new opportunities for women, who supported the war effort in both the North and South. Waging war on Southern soil left the South devastated.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Explain how the South’s firing on Fort Sumter galvanized the North and how Lincoln’s call for troops prompted four more states to join the Confederacy.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Explain why the slaveholding Border States were so critical to both sides and how Lincoln maneuvered to keep them in the Union.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides at the onset of the war, what strategies each pursued, and why the North’s strengths could be brought to bear as the war dragged on.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Describe the contest for European political support and intervention, and explain why Britain and France finally refused to recognize the Confederacy.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. Compare Lincoln’s and Davis’s political leadership during the war.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Describe Lincoln’s policies on civil liberties and how both sides mobilized the military manpower to fight the war.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Analyze the economic and social consequences of the war for both sides.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Episode: Civil War Balloon
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="23542992" <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In this clip from Season 3, we find Wes up in the air in a hot air balloon as he finds out more about Prof. Lowe, a fascinating professor who launched the country's first aeronautic division by inflating his hot air balloon, The Enterprise, on the lawn of President Lincoln's White House. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">[|• Visit the Civil War Balloon webpage]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 21 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The Furnace of Civil War, 1861–1865 **


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Northern complacency about a quick victory ended with its defeat at Bull Run. Early Union generals like George McClellan were unable to defeat Lee’s tactically brilliant Confederate armies, but the Union naval blockade slowly devastated the South.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The war’s political and diplomatic dimensions became critical. Lincoln initially downplayed emancipation in order to retain the Border States, but winning the 1862 Battle of Antietam [an-tee-tuhm] prevented foreign intervention and allowed him to turn the struggle into a war against slavery. Blacks and abolitionists embraced a war for emancipation, but Lincoln suffered politically from northern, white resentment.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Union victories at Vicksburg in the West and Gettysburg in the East finally turned the military tide against the South. Southern resistance remained strong, but the Union victories at Atlanta and Mobile assured Lincoln’s re-election in 1864 and ended the last Confederate hopes. The war ended the issues of disunion and slavery, but at a tremendous cost to both North and South.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Describe the consequences for both sides of the North’s defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Outline Union’s original military strategy and how Lincoln was forced to adjust it during the course of the War.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Explain the critical importance of the failed Peninsula Campaign and the Battle of Antietam in changing the Civil War from a limited war for the Union into a total war against slavery.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Describe the role that African Americans played during the war.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. Explain why the battles of Gettysburg in the East and Vicksburg in the West decisively turned the tide toward Union victory and Confederate defeat.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Describe the politics of the War in both North and South, and the end of the South’s hope for winning independence through a defeat of Lincoln in the election of 1864.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Describe the end of the war and list its final consequences.

__**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">STUDENT RESOURCES **__

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Episode: Memorial Day
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">media type="custom" key="23542978" <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">After the Civil War, freed African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina established the tradition of what we have come to know as Memorial Day -- From "Death and the Civil War" <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">[|• Visit the Memorial Day webpage]

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Created Equal

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="23541656"

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The high ideals of the Declaration of Independence that “all men are created equal,” endowed with “unalienable rights,” didn’t make it into the Constitution in 1787. It took three-quarters of a century, and a bloody civil war, before the Fourteenth Amendment of 1868 made equality a constitutional right, and gave the federal government the power to enforce it.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In this episode, Peter learns how the far-reaching changes created by that amendment established new notions of citizenship, equal protection, due process, and personal liberty, altering the relationship between the federal government and the states. In many ways it is this “Second Constitution” that governs the nation we live in today, and it is the Fourteenth Amendment that underlies many landmark Supreme Court decisions that have reshaped the contours of American society.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In Tyler, Texas, Peter meets a group of siblings named Lopez, whose parents successfully challenged a law that prohibited the children of illegal aliens from attending public school. In Kentucky, he talks to a former convict who has served her time and is fighting to regain her right to vote. In Berkeley, California, two women’s insistence on their right to marry has thrust them into a battle with the state of California, in a case headed to the United States Supreme Court. And in New Haven, a white firefighter successfully challenges affirmative action policies that blocked his promotion, claiming the right to “equal protection.”

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